Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3’-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5’-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. Note that the polyprenyl sidechain substrate for this reaction has a different number of prenyl units in different organisms (for example, ubiquinone-6 in Saccharomyces, ubiquinone- 9 in rat and ubiquinone-10 in human), and thus the natural substrate for the enzymes from different organisms has a different number of prenyl units. However, the enzyme usually shows a low degree of specificity regarding the number of prenyl units.
The directed movement of 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to a 5S rDNA sequence, encoding ribosomal 5S rRNA, which is individually transcribed by RNA polymerase III, rather than by RNA polymerase I, in species where it exists.
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5’ cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5’-5’ triphosphate bridge (m7G(5’)ppp(5’)X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H+.
Tracheal metamere that is mainly found within an abdominal segment.
Any abnormality in adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344), which is defined as ‘Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.’.
Adult motor neuron that innervates an accessory tibial flexor (tibial reductor) muscle (Brierley et al., 2012).
Adult motor neuron that innervates the accessory trochanter levator muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). Neurons of this type are produced by multiple lineages (Brierley et al., 2012).
The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5’-diphosphate.
Bristle of the antenna. There are approximately 20 of these on each side, found on the first and second antennal segments (Eichler et al., 2023).
[transmission electron microscopy (TEM); focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM); adult olfactory projection neuron; antennal lobe glomerulus DL5; adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron; Uniglomerular mALT DL5 lvPN#R1 (FAFB:57216); JRC2018Unisex; JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; Uniglomerular mALT DL5 adPN#L1 (FAFB:1992); receives synaptic input throughout; adult antennal lobe projection neuron DL5; Uniglomerular mALT DL5 adPN#R1 (FAFB:39668); DL5_adPN_R (FlyEM-HB:693483018)]
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus DM4 (FBbt:00003976).
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus DP1l (FBbt:00007098).
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus VA1d (FBbt:00007101).
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus VL1 (FBbt:00003954).
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a (FBbt:00007106).
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus VM2 (FBbt:00003947).
Any uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron (FBbt:00007383) that receives synaptic input throughout some antennal lobe glomerulus VM4 (FBbt:00003957).
Adult histaminergic neuron with its soma in the ventral nerve cord and an ascending projection through the cervical connective (Cheong et al., 2023). There are two pairs of these per organism, with somas in the metathoracic and mesothoracic neuromeres (Cheong et al., 2023).
Adult Dh31 neuron with its soma in the dorsal brain and an axon projecting to the corpus allatum (Kurogi et al., 2023). These neurons derive from the larval CA-LP neurons (Kurogi et al., 2023). There are three of these cells per hemisphere (Kurogi et al., 2023). In the female, they are involved in reproductive dormancy (Kurogi et al., 2023). Distinct from the three LP neurons (FBbt:00007432) - different hemibrain body IDs given in Kurogi et al. (2023) supplement. Also present in males, but function not investigated by Kurogi et al. (2023).
Glial cell of the adult that is associated with the cell body rind of the brain or the ventral nerve cord.
Any neuron that has its soma in the adult central brain and whose processes are restricted to the central brain.
Any chordotonal organ (FBbt:00005215) that is part of some adult (FBbt:00003004).
Any neuron that has its soma in the adult central nervous system.
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast CP2 (FBbt:00100609) and has synaptic IO throughout some fan-shaped body layer 2 (FBbt:00007488).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast CM3 (FBbt:00050142) and has synaptic IO throughout some fan-shaped body layer 2 (FBbt:00007488).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast CP2 (FBbt:00100609) and has synaptic IO throughout some fan-shaped body layer 5 (FBbt:00007492).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast CP2 (FBbt:00100609) and has synaptic IO throughout some fan-shaped body layer 6 (FBbt:00007493).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast CP2 (FBbt:00100609) and has synaptic IO throughout some fan-shaped body layer 7 (FBbt:00110655).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast CREa1 (Ito et al., 2013). It has its soma dorsal to the antennal lobe and dendritic arbors in the subesophageal zone (Yu et al., 2010). It projects dorsally to terminate in the lateral protocerebral complex (Yu et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron with its soma in the anterior brain between the antennal lobe and ventrolateral protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). It arborizes ipsilaterally in the superior protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). There are approximately 25 of these cells per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010). Cachero et al. (2010) map Yu et al. (2010) - FBrf0211884 aSP12 to aSP-j, but Yu et al. (2010) map aSP12 to aDT-d.
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast ALl1 (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). There are approximately 29 of these per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010). Lineage is ALl1 (lPN) according to Ito et al. (2013) and includes DA1 PNs in Cachero et al. (2010), so this is a parent to the DA1 lPN (FBbt:00067363).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast VLPa1 (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). There are different numbers of these cells in males and females (Cachero et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast BLAv1 (VLPl&d1) (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). There are different numbers in the male and female and their somas form two clusters close to the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Kimura et al., 2008; Cachero et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). Yu et al. (2010) - FBrf0211884 map aIP1 to Cachero et al. (2010) aIP-d and to AL6b from Kimura et al. (2008) - FBrf0205974, but Cachero et al. (2010) map aIP1 (and AL6b and AL5b) to aIP-c. Ito et al. (2013) - FBrf0221438 also give lineage as VLPl&d1 for aIP-c and AL5b/6b.
Adult fruitless neuron with its soma in the lateral part of the central brain and a projection that crosses the midline (Cachero et al., 2010). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010). Yu et al. (2010) - FBrf0211884 map aIP1 to Cachero et al. (2010) aIP-d and to AL6b from Kimura et al. (2008) - FBrf0205974, but Cachero et al. (2010) map aIP1 (and AL6b and AL5b) to aIP-c. Ito et al. (2013) - FBrf0221438 also give lineage as VLPl&d1 for aIP-c and AL5b/6b.
Adult fruitless neuron with its soma lateral to the lateral horn, ventral to aSP-k (aSP8), and arborization only in the ipsilateral hemisphere, including the lateral horn (Yu et al., 2010). It develops from neuroblast BLAv2 (VLPl2) (Ito et al., 2013). There are approximately 27 of these cells per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast BLVp2 (VLPl&p1) (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). It has its soma lateral to the brain (Cachero et al., 2010). Cachero et al. (2010) list aIP-g and pIP-e as corresponding to the Yu et al. (2010) pIP6, with pIP-e additionally corresponding to pIP5.
Adult fruitless-expressing neuron that develops from the SMPad1 neuroblast (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). It has its soma in the pars intercerebralis and projects laterally, arborizing in the lateral protocerebral complex (Yu et al., 2010). There are different numbers of these cells in males and females (Lee et al., 2000; Cachero et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast SMPad2 (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). There are different numbers of these in males and females, with their somas in the pars intercerebralis (Lee et al., 2000; Cachero et al., 2010). Correspondence of Yu et al. (2010) - FBrf0211884 aSP1 to aSP1 in other studies is unclear - they also seem to call this aSP2-p in fig S2 and give contradictory correspondences in table S1. and Cachero et al. (2010) list Yu et al. (2010) aSP1 as possibly corresponding to aSP-b and aSP-c.
Adult fruitless neuron with its soma in the anterior superior protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). There are approximately 5 of these per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron derived from the DALcl1 (AOTUv3) neuroblast (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). It has its cell body ventral to the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) and it arborizes in a dorsal region of the AOTU in both hemispheres (Yu et al., 2010). It receives input from LC10a neurons in the AOTU (Nojima et al., 2021).
Adult fruitless neuron with its cell body lateral to the lateral horn, dendritic arborization in the lateral horn and axonal projections to the lateral protocerebral complex (Yu et al., 2010). There are different numbers of these cells in males and females (Cachero et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless-expressing neuron with its cell body in the anterior superior protocerebrum (Yu et al., 2010). It is intrinsic to the lateral protocerebral complex (Yu et al., 2010). Male and female cells of this type differ in the extent of their arbors in the ring structure (Yu et al., 2010). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Yu et al., 2010). It is also a dopaminergic cell of the PAL cluster (Xie et al., 2018).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast DL2 (CP3) (Ren et al., 2016) and has its cell body in the posterior inferior protocerebrum (Yu et al., 2010). In the brain, it has arbors in the lateral protocerebral complex (Yu et al., 2010). It descends to the ventral nerve cord, where it has presynaptic terminals in all three thoracic neuromeres (Cachero et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). There are many more of these cells in males than females (Ren et al., 2016). Cachero et al. (2010) report 14 cells per hemisphere.
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast DL1 (CP2) (Ren et al., 2016) and has its cell body in the posterior inferior protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). There are more of these cells in males than females (Cachero et al., 2010; Ren et al., 2016). pC2 has been listed as an exact synonym for this in the past, but pC2 is actually a partially overlapping class of doublesex-expressing neurons (Rideout et al., 2010 - FBrf0210397), which now has its own class. Cachero et al. (2010) list pIP-e as corresponding to the Yu et al. (2010) pIP5/6 and aIP-g also corresponding to pIP6.
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from the first intermediate neural progenitor to form from neuroblast DM6 during the larval stage (Ren et al., 2016). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010; Ren et al., 2016) and it is part of the pMP-f cluster (Ren et al., 2016).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast DM1 (Ren et al., 2016) and has its cell body in the posterior medial protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). There are different numbers of these cells in males and females (Cachero et al., 2010; Ren et al., 2016).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast DM2 (Ren et al., 2016) and has its cell body in the posterior medial protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). Cachero et al. (2010) unclear whether this or pMP-a maps to Yu et al. (2010) pMP5 - images look like pMP5 is pMP-b.
Adult fruitless neuron that has its cell body in the posterior medial protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). There are approximately 12 of these cells per hemisphere (Cachero et al., 2010). Cachero et al. (2010) report around 12 cells per cluster in males and females, but only 2 cells belong to the DM3 lineage according to Ren et al. (2016).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from the DM4 neuroblast (Ren et al., 2016). There are many more of these cells in males than females and they are highly sexually dimorphic (Ren et al., 2016). Ren et al. (2016) identify the DM4-derived female equivalent of the male pMP-e (P1) neurons and note that the female pMP-e clone in Cachero et al. (2010) may a be misidentified unrelated clone. Unlike in the male, there does not appear to be overlap between dsx pC1 and fru pMP-e in the female (Ren et al., 2016).
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast DM6 (Ren et al., 2016) and has its cell body in the posterior medial protocerebrum (Cachero et al., 2010). There are more of these cells in males than females (Ren et al., 2016). Cachero et al. (2010) report around 21 cells per hemisphere.
Adult fruitless neuron that develops from neuroblast DPLl1 (SLPpl1) (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). There are different numbers of these cells in males and females (Cachero et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron with its cell body in the ventral abdominal neuromere and arbors in the vicinity of the fore-, mid- and hindleg afferents (Yu et al., 2010). It has an ascending axonal projection that innervates the subesophageal zone (SEZ) and lateral protocerebrum (Yu et al., 2010). It has sexually dimorphic arbors in the SEZ (Yu et al., 2010).
Adult fruitless neuron with its cell body located in the posterior ventral mesothoracic neuromere (von Philipsborn et al., 2011). It is cholinergic (Lillvis et al., 2024). There are approximately 20 of these cells per organism and they are heterogeneous (Lillvis et al., 2024). Only studied in males in Lillvis et al. (2024).
Adult fruitless neuron with its cell body in the lateral posterior prothoracic neuromere (Yu et al., 2010). Yu et al. (2010) map this to Cachero et al. (2010) vPR-k, which is not dimorphic and has additional arborization in the prothoracic neuromere.
Muscle involved in moving a leg. Some of these are found within the leg and others are attached to the thoracic body wall (Cheong et al., 2024).
Adult neuron that relays mechanosensory information from one or more sensory neuropil regions to one or more higher brain centers.
Adult ventral unpaired median neuron with its soma in the mesothoracic neuromere (Ehrhardt et al., 2023).
Any neuromere (FBbt:00005140) that is part of some adult (FBbt:00003004).
Neurosecretory neuron of the adult with a cell body in the subesophageal zone.
Any neuron that has its soma in the adult peripheral nervous system.
Muscle that can move the adult retina (Fenk et al., 2022).
Any muscle cell (FBbt:00005074) that is part of some adult retinal muscle (FBbt:00052672).
Any neuron that has its soma in the adult brain and fasciculates with the nervus corporis cardiaci towards the ring gland.
Any epithelial cell (FBbt:00000124) that is part of some adult salivary gland (FBbt:00003135).
Unpaired neuron of the adult ventral nerve cord with its soma along the ventral midline (Ehrhardt et al., 2023). These are mainly efferent neurons with bilaterally symmetrical projections (Ehrhardt et al., 2023).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that has its soma located in some adult ventral nerve cord cell body rind (FBbt:00111082).
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkylthio group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + monoatomic cation(in) = solute(in) + monoatomic cation(out). Monoatomic cations include H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.
Local neuron that has its arbors mainly restricted to the antennal lobe(s).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
Some characteristic of an assay pertaining to the methods involved in processing the biological source material or generating the raw output data of the assay.
A method used to characterize the biological molecules isolated from a biosample.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5’-dephosphopolynucleotide = ADP + 5’-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5’-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides.
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Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
Any DNA ligation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
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The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.
Any neuron that has its soma in the central nervous system.
Large adult interneuron with its soma in the cell body rind region ventroposterior to the mesothoracic leg neuropil (Trimarchi and Murphey, 1997). It extends from the medial tuft formed by haltere afferent neurons in the ipsilateral ventral nerve cord to the neck or wing neuropil of the contralateral hemisphere (Trimarchi and Murphey, 1997).
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Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast CP5 (FBbt:00052820).
Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.
A descriptor that describes some aspect of a dataset.
Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a diphosphoester to give a diphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine. Note that EC:2.1.1.73 was deleted from EC as the reaction is performed by DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.37).
The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3’-phosphomonoesters.
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis.
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA molecule.
The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place. Note that promoter clearance is represented as a separate step, not part_of either initiation or elongation.
An activity that faciliates the formation of a complementary double-stranded DNA molecule.
Bipolar dendrite neuron found in a larval dorsal sensory cluster. It emits two dendritic branches (Williams and Shepherd, 1999; Bodmer and Jan, 1987) and fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). One of these cells is found in each of segments T2 to A6 (Heckman and Doe, 2022).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that develops from some neuroblast DPMm2 (FBbt:00100584).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in tRNA molecules.
Any neuromere (FBbt:00005140) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3’-phosphomonoesters. Note that this activity can catalyze cleavage of DNA or RNA.
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A plasmid that is engineered.
Enterocyte of the middle region of the adult midgut.
A(n) epithelial cell that is part of a(n) wing pouch.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
A region which is the result of some arbitrary experimental procedure. The procedure may be carried out with biological material or inside a computer.
Any motor neuron (FBbt:00005123) that sends synaptic output to some extracoxal trochanter depressor muscle cell (FBbt:00003320).
Tibial extensor (levator) motor neuron with broad dendritic arbors in the ipsilateral leg neuropil and a more prominent medially-directed branch compared to the slow tibial extensor (Azevedo et al., 2022). It receives a very large number of synaptic inputs (Azevedo et al., 2022). It innervates proximal fibers of the tibial levator muscle (Azevedo et al., 2022).
[femoral chordotonal hook neuron; femoral chordotonal hook extension neuron; has_sensory_dendrite_in; ventral scoloparium of femoral chordotonal organ; Femoral chordotonal hook neuron that responds transiently during tibia extension, but not flexion (Mamiya et al., 2023).]
Femoral chordotonal hook neuron that responds transiently during tibia flexion, but not extension (Mamiya et al., 2023).
Adult motor neuron that innervates the femoral pretarsal depressor muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). There are approximately five of these per hemineuromere, with some being born embryonically and some being lineage 15 secondary neurons (Brierley et al., 2012).
Adult motor neuron that innervates the femoral reductor muscle (Baek and Mann, 2009). There are different numbers of these cells in each (pro-, meso- or meta-) thoracic segment (Brierley et al., 2012).
Flight muscle involved in fine control of flight movement (Dickinson and Tu, 1997). There are 18 of these muscles on each side, including all direct flight muscles and a small number of indirect flight muscles (Dickinson and Tu, 1997). They contract synchronously with motor neuron impulses (Dickinson and Tu, 1997).
Flight muscle that innervates a flight control muscle. Unlike the power muscles, control muscles contract synchronously with motor neuron impulses (Dickinson and Tu, 1997). There is one motor neuron per control muscle, plus the tpn motor neuron, which innervates tp2 and sometimes tp1 (O’Sullivan et al., 2018; Ehrhardt et al., 2023).
Flight muscle that provides the power for flight (Dickinson and Tu, 1997). There are two sets of these muscles, dorsal longitudinal and dorsal ventral, and they are all indirect flight muscles (Dickinson and Tu, 1997). They activate asynchronously from motor neuron impulses, with contractions initiated by their stretching (Dickinson and Tu, 1997). Neural input maintains a tonic level of calcium, rather than directly stimulating contractions (Dickinson and Tu, 1997).
Motor neuron that innervates a flight power muscle. These maintain a tonic level of calcium, rather than directly stimulating muscle contractions (Dickinson and Tu, 1997).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
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Any glial cell that is found in an eye-antennal disc (Gonzalez-Blas et al., 2020).
Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of guanine nucleotides, GTP, GDP, and/or GMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Enables the transfer of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A muscle that steers the haltere. There are seven such muscles per haltere, divided into two groups: the basalar muscles and the axillary muscles (Dickerson et al., 2019).
Any muscle cell (FBbt:00005074) that is part of some haltere steering muscle (FBbt:00059258).
Any hemilineage A (Notch ON) neuron that develops from neuroblast MNB during the postembryonic phase of neurogenesis. It is GABAergic (Lacin et al., 2019).
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H3.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: RMP + diphosphate = R + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-nitrogen bond.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
[IAO_0000005]
Primary neuron, born during the embryonic stage, that is still in an immature state, between birth and its first mature morphology.
Primary neuron, born after the embryonic stage, that is still in an immature state, between birth and its first mature morphology.
Immature secondary neuron that is a precursor to an adult T neuron (Hormann et al., 2020).
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate + ATP = inositol phosphate + ADP.
An intracellular signaling module that is part of larger signaling pathways that can be initiated either intracellularly or by cell surface receptors. Intracellular signaling cassettes are discrete signaling units that are often shared by multiple signaling pathways.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when calcium ions bind on the intracellular side of the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Any adult motor neuron that innervates an intracoxal (trochanter) depressor muscle. Baek and Mann (2009) and Azevedo et al. (2022) find two of these per leg, Brierley et al. (2012) find five.
Any adult motor neuron that innervates an intracoxal trochanter levator (flexor) muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). There are around eight of these cells per thoracic hemineuromere (Azevedo et al., 2022).
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Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a soluble compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
A specialized enterocyte of the midgut that is enriched in the iron-storage protein ferritin (Mehta et al., 2009; Marianes and Spradling, 2013).
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-amino acids, the L-enantiomers of amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an L-amino acid.
Ascending neuron of the larva, having its soma in the ventral nerve cord and processes extending into the brain (Winding et al. (2023). Ignores directionality of information flow, similar to ‘adult ascending neuron’. Excludes neurons that ‘ascend’ from the gnathal neuromeres.
Any neuron that has its soma in the late embryonic or larval central nervous system.
Descending neuron of the larva with its soma in the brain and processes extending further into the CNS, reaching the gnathal ganglion or ventral nerve cord (Winding et al. (2023). Ignores directionality of information flow, similar to ‘adult descending neuron’.
Descending neuron of the larva with its soma in the brain and processes extending into the subesophageal zone (Winding et al. (2023). Winding et al. (2023) appear to exclude neurons that continue to the VNC, but these are not excluded from this class.
Larval neuron that innervates the gut posterior to the pharynx (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). Enteric neurons that enter the brain do so via the antennal nerve and terminate in the ACa or AVa compartments (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Any larval external sense organ sensory neuron (FBbt:00052615) that capable of part of some sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909).
Any external sense organ sensory neuron (FBbt:00052560) that overlaps some larva (FBbt:00001727).
Any sensory neuron (FBbt:00005124) that has sensory dendrite in some embryonic/larval gut (FBbt:00007512).
Larval neuron that relays mechanosensory information from one or more sensory neuropil regions to one or more higher brain centers.
Larval neuron that relays nociceptive (pain) information from one or more sensory neuropil regions to one or more higher brain centers.
Gustatory receptor neuron that innervates any part of the larval pharynx (Winding et al., 2023).
Any neuron that has its soma in the late embryonic or larval peripheral nervous system.
Muscle that extends a leg joint.
Muscle that flexes a leg joint.
Leg muscle that is attached to the thoracic body wall.
Enables the transfer of a lipid from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) of the adult brain that also expresses ion transport peptide (ITP) (Ma et al., 2021). There are two of these cells per hemisphere with similar transcriptomic and functional profiles (Ma et al., 2021).
Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl (HOOC-CH2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
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Mechanosensory neuron that has its dendrite in a ventral occipital bristle. It follows the eye nerve and terminates in the subesophageal zone (Eichler et al., 2023). There is one of these per ventral postgenal bristle (around 15 per side) (Eichler et al., 2023).
Neuron that relays mechanosensory information from one or more sensory neuropil regions to one or more higher brain centers.
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Any extracoxal trochanter depressor muscle motor neuron (FBbt:00053152) that has its soma located in some cell body rind of adult mesothoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111084). Mesothoracic ‘sternotrochanter’ MNs identified in Cheong et al. (2024) in addition to tergotrochanter MNs, but no mesothoracic sternotrochanter muscle in Miller (1950) - FBrf0186027.
Any tibial levator muscle motor neuron (FBbt:00053074) that has its soma located in some cell body rind of adult mesothoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111084).
Any extracoxal trochanter depressor muscle motor neuron (FBbt:00053152) that has its soma located in some cell body rind of adult metathoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111085).
Any tibial levator muscle motor neuron (FBbt:00053074) that has its soma located in some cell body rind of adult metathoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111085).
Catalysis of the addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleic acid or protein acceptor.
A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.
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Any process involved in forming the mature 3’ end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an mRNA molecule.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. The term ‘RNA editing’ (GO:0016547) was merged into ‘RNA modification’ (GO:0009451) on the basis of statements in the preface of Modification and Editing of RNA (ISBN:1555811337) that there is no clear distinction between modification and editing. Parallel changes were made for substrate (e.g. tRNA, rRNA, etc.) specific child terms of ‘RNA editing’.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
Muscle cell that is part of a adult leg muscle.
Muscle cell that is part of a flight control muscle.
Muscle cell that is part of a flight power muscle.
Muscle cell that is part of a leg extensor muscle.
Muscle cell that is part of a leg flexor muscle.
Muscle cell that is part of a leg muscle of body wall.
Muscle cell that is part of a prothoracic trochanter levator muscle.
Any process involved in forming the mature 5’ end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
Any neurosecretory cell of brain (FBbt:00052760) that is part of some adult (FBbt:00003004).
Any neurosecretory neuron (FBbt:00005130) that has its soma located in some brain (FBbt:00005095).
Any neurosecretory cell of brain (FBbt:00052760) that is part of some larva (FBbt:00001727).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
Neuron that relays nociceptive (pain) information from one or more sensory neuropil regions to one or more higher brain centers.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-proteingenic amino acids.
Any DNA ligation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
Binds to and increases the activity of a nuclease.
The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of a nucleic acid. This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of a nucleic acid. This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5’-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5’-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
A region of known length which may be used to manufacture a longer region.
A contiguous sequence derived from sequence assembly. Has no gaps, but may contain N’s from unavailable bases.
Ocellar interneuron with a large diameter (Caldwell et al., 2007; Dorkenwald et al., 2023). There are four of these per ganglion, totaling twelve per organism (Caldwell et al., 2007; Dorkenwald et al., 2023). They collectively tile all three ocellar ganglia in each organism (Dorkenwald et al., 2023).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
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Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide group.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y.
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Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, of a 3-hydroxy acid.
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Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in proton concentration (pH). While the term suggest this activity may be proton-gated, the mechanism of pH-gating for transporters is by protonation of specific residues in the protein, and not by H+ binding.
Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.
Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.
Any motor neuron (FBbt:00005123) that sends synaptic output to some pleural remotor muscle cell (FBbt:00003313).
Any neuron that has its soma in the peripheral nervous system.
Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome. This term should only be used to annotate a protein modification process that occurs after the protein has been released from the ribosome, and is therefore strictly post-translational. Modification of a free protein (one not attached to a ribosome) and modification of a C-terminal residue are post-translational processes. Some protein modifications occur while the protein is still in the ribosome but before translation has been completed; these modification processes are considered co-translational and should not be annotated using this term.
A process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.
Adult motor neuron that innervates a pretarsal depressor (long tendon) muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). There are approximately 14 of these per hemineuromere, with some being born embryonically and some being lineage 15 secondary neurons (Brierley et al., 2012).
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A gustatory projection neuron that projects through the mediolateral supraesophageal tract. Its cell body is located anterodorsally to the antennal lobe. It receives input mostly from the contralateral supraesophageal zone, with a faint connection to the ipsilateral supraesophageal zone. It projects contralaterally, forming crescent-shaped terminals in the superior intermediate protocerebrum and the superior lateral protocerebrum (Talay et al., 2017).
Neuron that relays proprioceptive (body position) information from one or more sensory neuropil regions to one or more higher brain centers.
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The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.
The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.
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A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.
Adult motor neuron that innervates the prothoracic intracoxal trochanter levator muscle and fasciculates with the prothoracic accessory nerve (Azevedo et al., 2022). There are five of these cells on each side (Azevedo et al., 2022).
Adult motor neuron that innervates a prothoracic extracoxal trochanter depressor muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). It is an early-born lineage 15 secondary neuron (Brierley et al., 2012). It has fairly broad dendritic arborization in the ipsilateral leg neuropil (Brierley et al., 2012).
Any intracoxal trochanter levator muscle motor neuron (FBbt:00053068) that has its soma located in some cell body rind of adult prothoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111083).
Any tibial levator muscle motor neuron (FBbt:00053074) that has its soma located in some cell body rind of adult prothoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111083).
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.
The process in which a purine nucleobase is transported across a membrane.
Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3’ or 5’-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The process in which a purine nucleotide-sugar is transported across a membrane. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes.
Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3’ or 5’-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.
Any process that modulates the canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide 3’-phosphatase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulatory non-coding RNA processing.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Ubiquinone biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3’ end of a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule.
A process leading to the generation of a functional regulatory non-coding RNA.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
Binds to and increases the activity of a ribonuclease.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3’ or 5’-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3’ end of an RNA molecule.
Any process involved in forming the mature 5’ end of an RNA molecule.
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5’ end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA-uracil + NAD(P)+ = RNA-dihydrouridine + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3’-phosphomonoesters.
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Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.
Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.
Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
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Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.
The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5’-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a triphosphoester to give a triphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.
Compartment that contains the dendrites of all neurons that detect a particular movement type in a femoral chordotonal organ (Mamiya et al., 2023). There are three of these compartments per femoral chordotonal organ (Mamiya et al., 2023).
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Any segmental subdivision of integument (FBbt:00007285) that is part of some adult (FBbt:00003004).
Any segmental subdivision of integument (FBbt:00007285) that is part of some larva (FBbt:00001727).
A method to prepare and sequence a library of cDNAs obtained from single cells.
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Tibial extensor (levator) motor neuron that has broad dendritic arbors in the ipsilateral leg neuropil, but has a less prominent medially-directed branch compared to the fast tibial extensor (Brierley et al., 2012; Azevedo et al., 2022). It is an early-born secondary neuron of lineage 24 (Brierley et al., 2012). It innervates distal fibers of the tibial levator muscle (Azevedo et al., 2022). SETi (MN 29) pictured in Azevedo et al. (2022) judged to correspond lineage 24 secondary tibial levator in Brierley et al. (2012) based on VNC arborization pattern and targeting of distal muscle fibers.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an snRNA molecule.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) cardiogenic mesoderm.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) ectoderm.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) embryonic/larval hindgut.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) embryonic/larval midgut primordium.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) embryonic/larval proventriculus.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) mesoderm.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) mesoderm anlage.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) midline primordium.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) presumptive embryonic salivary gland.
A(n) somatic cell that is part of a(n) trunk mesoderm.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell, providing elasticity and recoiling.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sugar phosphorylated on the terminal carbon = a sugar + phosphate.
An axon bundle that projects away from the supraesophageal zone to distant neuropils (Talay et al., 2017).
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Any DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
Any motor neuron (FBbt:00005123) that sends synaptic output to some tarsal depressor muscle cell (FBbt:00003323).
Any motor neuron (FBbt:00005123) that sends synaptic output to some tarsal levator muscle cell (FBbt:00003330).
Any motor neuron (FBbt:00005123) that sends synaptic output to some muscle cell of tarsal retro depressor muscle (FBbt:00058113).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
Neuroblast NB5-3 found in a thoracic segment. It resumes proliferation in the larva in all thoracic segments to generate postembryonic lineage 5 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).
Tracheal metamere that is mainly found within a thoracic segment.
Adult motor neuron that innervates a tibial levator muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). There are approximately two of these per hemineuromere (Brierley et al., 2012).
Adult motor neuron that innervates a tibial pretarsal depressor muscle (Brierley et al., 2012). There are approximately nine of these per hemineuromere, with some being born embryonically and some being lineage 15 secondary neurons (Brierley et al., 2012).
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The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on gene promoter through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC). The PIC engages the RNA polymerase on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a member of the transforming growth factor receptor superfamily, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
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Binds to and increases the activity of a transporter.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a transporter.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a transporter.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.
The process in which the 3’ end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA. See also the molecular function term ‘DNA topoisomerase type I activity ; GO:0003917’.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
Neuron that does not belong to a left-right pair (or paired group) of cells. These neurons have somas along the midline and tend to have approximately symmetrical projections.
Bristle of the ventral posterior head, ventrolateral to the neck and medial to the ventral postorbital bristles (Eichler et al., 2023). There are approximately 15 of these on each side (Eichler et al., 2023). Based on position and numbers, this group in Eichler et al. (2023) appears to include the postgenal bristles, postgenal trichoid sensilla and the proximal rostral trichoid sensilla from Haynie and Bryant (1986).
A neuron that is fully contained within the optic lobes or the ocellar ganglia.
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